TMJ Disorders

The Prevalence of Temporomandibular Joint Problems

According to the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ), also referred to as temporomandibular disorders (TMD), are the most common source of chronic facial pain and jaw dysfunction. It is estimated that more than 10 million people in the United States are affected by temporomandibular joint problems.

What is the Temporomandibular Joint?

There are two temporomandibular joints that connect the left and right sides of the lower jaw to the temporal bone. Both joints and their associated muscles, ligaments and tendons work together to allow for all manner of oral function as the jaw moves up and down, front to back and from side to side. Containing a shock-absorbing, soft disc that sits between the rounded condyles of both sides of the lower jaw and the corresponding concavities in the skull’s temporal bone, the TMJ makes chewing, speaking, yawning and all jaw movements possible.

Since the TMJ is a joint with both up and down hinge-like movements, as well as side to side and front to back sliding motions to perform, it is often considered one of the most complicated joints in the body and one of the most difficult to treat when problems arise.

Types and Symptoms of TMJ Disorders

TMJ disorders can fall into one or more of the following three categories:

• Myofascial pain- Refers to pain in the area of the jaw joint due to various causes of increased muscle tension and spasm
• Internal derangement-Involves displacement of the disc, jaw dislocation or trauma to the condyles of the jaw
• Degenerative joint disease - Arthritis

The risk for developing a TMJ problem is greater in the presence of long-term teeth grinding or bruxism, a jaw injury or various types of arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Furthermore, the manifestations of a TMJ disorder can vary from person to person with a wide range of symptoms possible, including earaches, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), headaches, back and neck pain, vertigo, muscle spasms and joint tenderness as well as jaw pain, popping or grating sounds with jaw movement, jaw locking and limited jaw movement. For some people a TMJ disorder can be resolved within a relatively short period of time, while for others it will continue to persist despite extensive therapy.

Diagnosis and Treatment

When evaluating for the presence of a TMJ disorder, the dentist will perform a thorough clinical assessment of joint symptoms and function. Special radiographic imaging and other diagnostic tests will be ordered as needed. The treatment of a TMJ disorder may include oral appliances such as night guards or stabilization splints to alleviate strain on the joints. Other types of therapy may include steroid injections, occlusal adjustments as well as orthodontic or prosthodontic treatment to improve occlusion. In cases of persistent and serious TMJ problems, surgery may be recommended.

Methods of self-care can be helpful in alleviating some of the symptoms of a TMJ disorder. Patients are typically advised to eat soft foods, avoid extreme jaw movement such as wide yawning and gum chewing, to practice stress reduction and relaxation techniques and applying ice packs or moist heat as directed. If recommended, a patient should follow the dentist or therapist’s instruction for gentle stretching exercises. The short-term use of over-the-counter, non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs and pain medications may provide relief. If not the dentist or physician may prescribe stronger pain or anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants or anti-depressants.

Technology

T-Scan® Novus

The health of your jaw joints is important to evaluate as part of our patient's exams. Joints muscles and teeth are interconnected together in an apparatus. A healthy set of joints put less stress on the muscle and teeth and vice versa. Dr. Le can discuss in detail regarding your chewing system as a whole. Healthy jaw joints allow balanced movements and alignment of your chewing apparatus. In order to accurately evaluate your jaw joints, Dr Le invested in the Bio JVA (Joint Vibration Analysis), an exceptional technology to evaluate patient's joints health by measuring the vibration on the joints. Joints move and create friction and vibration that can be quantified and qualified. Knowing the conditions of the patient's jaw joints allows Dr. Le to optimize treatment options for the patients, especially in smile makeover and full mouth rehabilitation.

BioJVA

Dr. Le will also evaluate forces on your teeth to balance them for optimal health of your jaw muscles and jaw joints. The digital scan (or TScan) is an extremely sensitive and accurate measurement of the forces loaded onto each of your teeth at a given spot or time using a digital paper to check your bites. This state of the arts technology allows Dr. Le to balance and customize the most favorable bite for you. This is especially important in a smile makeover, full mouth rehabilitation, denture/partial fabrication.